最近,笔者发现有的网站出现了一篇文章,说周恩来和邓小平曾经在法国巴黎开办豆腐公司,其内容曾在很多网站上转载。
笔者在此对历史事实郑重提出澄清。事实是李石曾先生在法国巴黎创办了巴黎豆腐公司,与周和邓毫无关系。
1 周恩来生于1898年,邓小平生于1904年。李石曾生于1881年,于1902年已经赴法留学,并在1909年在法国巴黎创办了豆腐公司。
2 为了说清事情的原委,笔者愿推荐两篇有关的文章供读者参考。一篇是刊登在《环谷文集》上的《怀念著名教育家李石曾先生》,其作者是李石曾先生的侄孙女李洁珣,另一篇是发表在《留法勤工俭学运动》一书里的《李石曾与留法勤工俭学运动》,作者是王会田。据笔者所知王会田先生从八十年代初就开始了对李石曾先生的研究。至今已经二十多年。
附王会田先生的《李石曾与留法勤工俭学运动》一文部分内容如下:
李石曾名煜瀛,号石曾,1881年5月29日(清光绪七年五月初二)生于北京,1973年病逝于台湾,享年93岁。
李石曾的父亲李鸿藻在光绪、同治年间,历任兵部尚书、军机大臣等职,曾被咸丰特召为皇太子的师傅。1897年(光绪二十三年)病逝于北京。李鸿藻虽为清末重臣,但极具维新思想,对做官者的钻营深恶痛绝,说成是“钻狗洞”。1884年(光绪十年),由于李鸿藻和恭亲王奕訢结合,主张“新政”,遭到执掌大权的醇亲王奕 和孙毓文的排斥,奉旨严谴,降二级使用。中日甲午战争爆发,李鸿藻极力主战,与翁同和等主战人士共同反对割让台湾、澎湖与日本。卖国的《马关条约》签订之后,李鸿藻与翁同和“涕泗横集”。甲午战争后,他重掌军机大权,虽然主战,但缺乏实力,认识到必须求新,学习西洋。他为了让李石曾接受维新教育,便请来以贯通中西学术而著称的齐契亭先生作李石曾的老师。
齐契亭的新学思想和李鸿藻家庭的“文化沙龙”环境对李石曾的思想影响极深。《石曾笔记》中有这样的记述:“父亲助我为新世纪革命之人,------塾中契师读报载‘孙逸仙革命’,(父亲)不惟不反对而且赞许。至于辛亥革命,则齐寓与其商店已成为吾人之革命机关。”
李石曾所说的商店,是齐契亭和他的儿子及其族人于庚子年后在北京崇文门内苏州胡同开办的一所专门供应西方人物品的商行——义兴局。辛亥革命时期,义兴局成了革命党人的活动中心。李石曾和蔡元培、吴稚晖、汪精卫等发起的“进德会”、“社会改良会”、“俭学会”与俭学会的预备学校均在此筹备。他在巴黎开办的中国豆腐公司、高阳县布里村留法工艺学校也均筹备于此。当时这里已成为同盟会会员革命活动的聚会点。
1902年8月,李石曾与张静江、夏循均以随员的名义随同清驻法国钦差大臣孙宝琦赴法。因李石曾久慕吴稚晖大名,当轮船途经上海时,对吴进行了拜访。这一次,二人谈得非常投机。吴说:“这一次你们去法国,机会难得,以后最好能帮助国内青年也多有去法国的机会,以便吸取西洋知识,为国家造就人才,而且人越多越好。到国外吸取新知识,人不厌其多,但也需有人引荐。你们此去,等于打个先锋。”吴又幽默地补充说:“出去的人越多越好,就算他们学不到什么,只学得改良茅厕,也是值得的”。李石曾还是第一次听到这样的见解,极为钦佩。这次会面,对他以后倡导留法勤工俭学,产生了重要的影响。
李石曾到法国后,起初想学军事,以实现革命的愿望。但因身体条件差,便改入蒙达尼农业实用学校学习。三年后,以第四名的优异成绩毕业,然后又入巴黎巴斯德学院。师从柏尔唐教授研究生物化学,特别注重大豆的研究。
他于1907年出版了法文版《大豆的研究》专著,后又出版中文版《大豆》一书。
由于对大豆研究的成功,李石曾于1909年在巴黎西郊创办了一个“巴黎中国豆腐公司”。豆腐公司曾先后到国内李石曾的家乡高阳县农村招募工人40多名。为了提高这些工人的文化知识和工艺技能,进而提高工作效率,李石曾在公司内办了一个夜校。他叫工人白天做工,夜间学习中文、法文和一般的科学知识。他亲自为学校编写教材并到课堂为工人讲课。
后来,豆腐公司发展到150多名工人,其中60多名男工都是中国人。该厂的产品曾参加过万国食品展览会,在欧洲享有盛名。1909年6月孙中山到巴黎参观豆腐公司时,对李石曾的创业志趣大加赞赏。《孙文学说》第四章即有记述:“吾友李石曾留学法国——以研究农学而注意大豆,以兴开‘万国乳会’而主张豆食代两食,远行化学诸家之理,近应素食卫生之需,此由巴黎豆腐公司之所由起也。”
为了鼓励众多的青年学生以低廉的费用和苦学的精神赴法留学,以达普及教育、改良社会、振兴实业之目的,李石曾与吴稚晖、蔡元培、汪精卫、张继等人于1912年在北京发起组织了“留法俭学会”,口号是“尚俭乐学”。李石曾认为:“改良社会,首在教育,欲输世界智识于东亚,必以留学泰西为要图 ——故欲造就青年济世之学子尤以民智先进之国为宜”;“法人之思想自由甲于世界,既无崇拜官绅之风,尤少迷信宗教之迹,不尚繁文,富美感,勤俭而善居积,与吾侪同”,“我国工人以平等之待遇,置身其间,不惟获得普通之赢利,尤可吸收有用之学识。他日归国以后,于普及教育,振兴实业,均可大有裨益。”
——
1912年至1913年间,俭学会共送去留法学生100多人,超过了以往官费生的总数。但这些人还多是中等以上家庭的子弟,虽力求勤俭,所需费用还是相当昂贵。多数贫寒子弟,仍无力出洋求学。这种留学的方法还远不能达到李石曾的愿望。
豆腐公司工人的求学活动取得了显著的成绩,大大超出了李石曾的始愿。豆腐公司的工人李广安、张秀波、齐云卿根据几年实践,正式提出了“勤于工作,俭以求学”的主张。李石曾对这一主张倍加赞赏。在这一主张的启示下,李石曾和蔡元培等人于1915年6月在巴黎发起成立了“勤工俭学会”,其宗旨为“勤于工作,俭以求学,以进劳动者之智识”。这便是勤工俭学之由来。豆腐公司这批“以工兼学”的工人,实际成了中国最早的勤工俭学生。
勤工俭学会成立以后,先在法国的华工中开展工作,很多华工实行了“以工兼学”的办法,收到很好的效果。由于第一次世界大战的原因,很多俭学生收不到国内的汇款,生活遇到困难。迫于生计,他们也到工厂去做工,挣得收入维持生活和学业。这些学生也都成了勤工俭学生。
内文分页: [1] [2]
笔者在此对历史事实郑重提出澄清。事实是李石曾先生在法国巴黎创办了巴黎豆腐公司,与周和邓毫无关系。
1 周恩来生于1898年,邓小平生于1904年。李石曾生于1881年,于1902年已经赴法留学,并在1909年在法国巴黎创办了豆腐公司。
2 为了说清事情的原委,笔者愿推荐两篇有关的文章供读者参考。一篇是刊登在《环谷文集》上的《怀念著名教育家李石曾先生》,其作者是李石曾先生的侄孙女李洁珣,另一篇是发表在《留法勤工俭学运动》一书里的《李石曾与留法勤工俭学运动》,作者是王会田。据笔者所知王会田先生从八十年代初就开始了对李石曾先生的研究。至今已经二十多年。
附王会田先生的《李石曾与留法勤工俭学运动》一文部分内容如下:
李石曾名煜瀛,号石曾,1881年5月29日(清光绪七年五月初二)生于北京,1973年病逝于台湾,享年93岁。
李石曾的父亲李鸿藻在光绪、同治年间,历任兵部尚书、军机大臣等职,曾被咸丰特召为皇太子的师傅。1897年(光绪二十三年)病逝于北京。李鸿藻虽为清末重臣,但极具维新思想,对做官者的钻营深恶痛绝,说成是“钻狗洞”。1884年(光绪十年),由于李鸿藻和恭亲王奕訢结合,主张“新政”,遭到执掌大权的醇亲王奕 和孙毓文的排斥,奉旨严谴,降二级使用。中日甲午战争爆发,李鸿藻极力主战,与翁同和等主战人士共同反对割让台湾、澎湖与日本。卖国的《马关条约》签订之后,李鸿藻与翁同和“涕泗横集”。甲午战争后,他重掌军机大权,虽然主战,但缺乏实力,认识到必须求新,学习西洋。他为了让李石曾接受维新教育,便请来以贯通中西学术而著称的齐契亭先生作李石曾的老师。
齐契亭的新学思想和李鸿藻家庭的“文化沙龙”环境对李石曾的思想影响极深。《石曾笔记》中有这样的记述:“父亲助我为新世纪革命之人,------塾中契师读报载‘孙逸仙革命’,(父亲)不惟不反对而且赞许。至于辛亥革命,则齐寓与其商店已成为吾人之革命机关。”
李石曾所说的商店,是齐契亭和他的儿子及其族人于庚子年后在北京崇文门内苏州胡同开办的一所专门供应西方人物品的商行——义兴局。辛亥革命时期,义兴局成了革命党人的活动中心。李石曾和蔡元培、吴稚晖、汪精卫等发起的“进德会”、“社会改良会”、“俭学会”与俭学会的预备学校均在此筹备。他在巴黎开办的中国豆腐公司、高阳县布里村留法工艺学校也均筹备于此。当时这里已成为同盟会会员革命活动的聚会点。
1902年8月,李石曾与张静江、夏循均以随员的名义随同清驻法国钦差大臣孙宝琦赴法。因李石曾久慕吴稚晖大名,当轮船途经上海时,对吴进行了拜访。这一次,二人谈得非常投机。吴说:“这一次你们去法国,机会难得,以后最好能帮助国内青年也多有去法国的机会,以便吸取西洋知识,为国家造就人才,而且人越多越好。到国外吸取新知识,人不厌其多,但也需有人引荐。你们此去,等于打个先锋。”吴又幽默地补充说:“出去的人越多越好,就算他们学不到什么,只学得改良茅厕,也是值得的”。李石曾还是第一次听到这样的见解,极为钦佩。这次会面,对他以后倡导留法勤工俭学,产生了重要的影响。
李石曾到法国后,起初想学军事,以实现革命的愿望。但因身体条件差,便改入蒙达尼农业实用学校学习。三年后,以第四名的优异成绩毕业,然后又入巴黎巴斯德学院。师从柏尔唐教授研究生物化学,特别注重大豆的研究。
他于1907年出版了法文版《大豆的研究》专著,后又出版中文版《大豆》一书。
由于对大豆研究的成功,李石曾于1909年在巴黎西郊创办了一个“巴黎中国豆腐公司”。豆腐公司曾先后到国内李石曾的家乡高阳县农村招募工人40多名。为了提高这些工人的文化知识和工艺技能,进而提高工作效率,李石曾在公司内办了一个夜校。他叫工人白天做工,夜间学习中文、法文和一般的科学知识。他亲自为学校编写教材并到课堂为工人讲课。
后来,豆腐公司发展到150多名工人,其中60多名男工都是中国人。该厂的产品曾参加过万国食品展览会,在欧洲享有盛名。1909年6月孙中山到巴黎参观豆腐公司时,对李石曾的创业志趣大加赞赏。《孙文学说》第四章即有记述:“吾友李石曾留学法国——以研究农学而注意大豆,以兴开‘万国乳会’而主张豆食代两食,远行化学诸家之理,近应素食卫生之需,此由巴黎豆腐公司之所由起也。”
为了鼓励众多的青年学生以低廉的费用和苦学的精神赴法留学,以达普及教育、改良社会、振兴实业之目的,李石曾与吴稚晖、蔡元培、汪精卫、张继等人于1912年在北京发起组织了“留法俭学会”,口号是“尚俭乐学”。李石曾认为:“改良社会,首在教育,欲输世界智识于东亚,必以留学泰西为要图 ——故欲造就青年济世之学子尤以民智先进之国为宜”;“法人之思想自由甲于世界,既无崇拜官绅之风,尤少迷信宗教之迹,不尚繁文,富美感,勤俭而善居积,与吾侪同”,“我国工人以平等之待遇,置身其间,不惟获得普通之赢利,尤可吸收有用之学识。他日归国以后,于普及教育,振兴实业,均可大有裨益。”
——
1912年至1913年间,俭学会共送去留法学生100多人,超过了以往官费生的总数。但这些人还多是中等以上家庭的子弟,虽力求勤俭,所需费用还是相当昂贵。多数贫寒子弟,仍无力出洋求学。这种留学的方法还远不能达到李石曾的愿望。
豆腐公司工人的求学活动取得了显著的成绩,大大超出了李石曾的始愿。豆腐公司的工人李广安、张秀波、齐云卿根据几年实践,正式提出了“勤于工作,俭以求学”的主张。李石曾对这一主张倍加赞赏。在这一主张的启示下,李石曾和蔡元培等人于1915年6月在巴黎发起成立了“勤工俭学会”,其宗旨为“勤于工作,俭以求学,以进劳动者之智识”。这便是勤工俭学之由来。豆腐公司这批“以工兼学”的工人,实际成了中国最早的勤工俭学生。
勤工俭学会成立以后,先在法国的华工中开展工作,很多华工实行了“以工兼学”的办法,收到很好的效果。由于第一次世界大战的原因,很多俭学生收不到国内的汇款,生活遇到困难。迫于生计,他们也到工厂去做工,挣得收入维持生活和学业。这些学生也都成了勤工俭学生。
内文分页: [1] [2]
《心远堂诗集》·十二卷(直隶总督采进本)
李煜瀛先年谱【精简大纲】


2008/08/30 14:50 | by 
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针对管理概念模糊的个体老板和经营商户,有模糊的管理意识,考虑使用软件的管理的目的在于记流水帐,方便查询,同时做票据打印存档,减少手工做帐。此类客户随管理思想提高具备再次挖掘的能力。
二、零售开票
主要针对个体老板和个体商户,使用软件的目的在于配合商品扫描和pos机小票打印,为客户零售提供依据。
三、库存管理
该类客户有一定的管理意识,明白库存积压和资金流动对企业经营的重要,有一定的风险意思。比较看重库存报警、库存数量、库存分布的管理。
四、商品成本核算
此类客户有一定的财务知识,初了规范企业管理以外,还需要对利润、财务等情况进行分析,希望详细了解销售后产生的毛利、纯利以及资产负债表。希望通过软件了解进货成本,进货价格历史,销售排行、等分析报表。
五、进销存财务一体化应用
此类客户一般为网络用户,并且经营规模比较大,公司有统一的采购、销售、库房、财务管理流程,对不同的部门要求有不同的权限管理,并且要求有丰富的报表便于对公司经营进行分析决策。
6、分公司、分机构应用
此类客户为网络客户,同时应用人员可能遍布于不同的地区和区域,公司管理要求全面,分析决策到位,分公司人员管理合理,甚至会对日常业务进行审核,有独立和汇总的财务报表、业务报表等。 第二,进销存软件业务逻辑的分析。所谓进销存业务逻辑,即企业基本的进销存业务处理流程。分析自己的进销存业务逻辑,是在企业管理中成功应用进销存软件的前提。有些企业重视销售管理,有的企业强调库存控制,有的企业兼营批发和零售,每个企业在进销存业务上都有自己鲜明的个性。因此,企业在进销存软件试用期不仅要注意考察软件的功能,更好考察软件是否符合自己的业务逻辑,是否能够满足进销存管理的实际需要。
第三,培养软件系统管理员。企业的信息管理应该有系统的规划,在添加硬件设备和选择管理系统之前,要首先要解决人的问题——系统管理员。企业应优先选择计算机基础好、熟悉企业业务流程和管理理论的员工作为系统管理员,然后在软件厂商的协助下加强对进销存软件应用技巧的学习,然后再由系统管理员根据需要培训内部操作员。
未雨绸缪是古训,凯锐软件认为对于刚开始使用进销存软件的中小商贸企业同样如此。核心应用:进货管理,销售管理,库存管理,价格追踪,价格折扣,费用单,欠款统计,现金收入,pos机连接;销售订单功能,200多张统计报表(包括单品利润,客户创造利润,销售额排行榜);客户信用额度设计;拆卸组装功能,会员功能核心应用:进货管理,销售管理,库存管理,价格追踪,价格折扣,费用单,欠款统计,现金收入,pos机连接;销售订单功能,200多张统计报表(包括单品利润,客户创造利润,销售额排行榜);客户信用额度设计;拆卸组装功能,会员功能
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