高阳“布里留法工艺学校旧址” 修复即将启动
2009年新年致辞
2008/12/15 19:59 | by
在中国人百年奥运梦终于实现的时刻，中国豆腐走向欧洲也正好100年——近代中国第一个在海外投资设立的工厂，就是豆腐厂，而第一批有组织的劳务输出，则是做豆腐的农民。孙中山在《建国方略》中都对此事给予了充分肯定。
在欧洲办厂做豆腐的第一人，叫李煜瀛，人们对于他后来用的名字可能更为熟悉，就是李石曾。他曾与蔡元培、吴稚辉、张静江并称国民党四大元老，彼此关系很好，且都在法国呆过。李石曾的家世可谓显赫，其父为清末的军机大臣、协办大学士李鸿藻，从一品大员，早年间还当过同治皇帝的老师。据说李鸿藻属于政治观点比较保守的清流派，往往与李鸿章等洋务派意见相左。其实，李鸿藻也有开明的一面，他曾经亲自出面，将门生齐禊亭的大儿子齐竺山介绍到同文馆学习，并对他说攻读八股文已然不合时宜，而同文馆是朝廷为办理洋务而设立的机构，专事培养外语人才。以后齐氏兄弟中的老二齐如山、老三齐寿山也都进了同文馆，学习德语和法语。三人通过刻苦学习，后来都十分出息，齐寿山还和鲁迅先生一道翻译过德国文学作品。
据齐如山回忆，这个官办的同文馆，待遇之优厚可谓中外罕有。学生食宿全部免费，一入学每月就有3两银子的“膏火”即零花钱，学习成绩好者还可增加。吃饭时6人一桌，每桌标准6两白银，菜肴有六大盘、八大碗，冬天还有一个大火锅，各种羊肉片、鱼片、肝片及鸡蛋冻豆腐等等，应有尽有，随便吃。据专家考证，当时一两白银的购买力大致相当于现在的100元，而一个七品京官一年的俸银不过60两。对比之下便可知道，为了培养洋务人才，朝廷可真是下了血本。不过，由于学生多为八旗子弟，不肯好好学习，馆中的“教习”也是混饭的居多，学问有限，加之又没有严格的管理制度，许多学生除了上餐桌和领膏火，很少在课堂露面，因而同文馆所培养出的，大部分只是酒囊饭袋。像齐氏三兄弟这样的一心向学者，实属凤毛麟角。有的人学了七八年俄语，在考核中竟然连字母也只能认识一半。
负责考核的军机处为此十分恼火，专门发文对同文馆及其领导部门总理各国事务衙门予以申饬，说是这些人学了十多年洋文居然连字母都认不全，“殊属不成事体”。这其实也是没有办法的事情。凡事一沾“官”字，往往不成事体，哪怕出发点再好，哪怕是花了大把银子。
李石曾也许知道同文馆的这些故事，因而决定到海外学点真本事，1902年去了法国。当时朝廷对一般人出国控制甚严，于是他动用家庭关系，在驻法公使孙宝崎的出国团队中挂名当了一名随员，一到法国便“开溜儿”进了学堂，用现在的话说，属于“滞留不归”人员。不过这一滞留，却让他真正学到了不少现代科学知识，李石曾先是在蒙塔日的协奴瓦农业学校学习，三年之后以全校第四名的优异成绩毕业，之后他又进入巴黎的巴斯德学院，研究生物化学，着重研究大豆。1907年李石曾用法文写成《大豆的研究》一书，以后又出版了中文版的《大豆》，其中介绍了中国豆腐，引起当地人很大兴趣。
内文分页： [1] [2]
作者：汪朗
在欧洲办厂做豆腐的第一人，叫李煜瀛，人们对于他后来用的名字可能更为熟悉，就是李石曾。他曾与蔡元培、吴稚辉、张静江并称国民党四大元老，彼此关系很好，且都在法国呆过。李石曾的家世可谓显赫，其父为清末的军机大臣、协办大学士李鸿藻，从一品大员，早年间还当过同治皇帝的老师。据说李鸿藻属于政治观点比较保守的清流派，往往与李鸿章等洋务派意见相左。其实，李鸿藻也有开明的一面，他曾经亲自出面，将门生齐禊亭的大儿子齐竺山介绍到同文馆学习，并对他说攻读八股文已然不合时宜，而同文馆是朝廷为办理洋务而设立的机构，专事培养外语人才。以后齐氏兄弟中的老二齐如山、老三齐寿山也都进了同文馆，学习德语和法语。三人通过刻苦学习，后来都十分出息，齐寿山还和鲁迅先生一道翻译过德国文学作品。据齐如山回忆，这个官办的同文馆，待遇之优厚可谓中外罕有。学生食宿全部免费，一入学每月就有3两银子的“膏火”即零花钱，学习成绩好者还可增加。吃饭时6人一桌，每桌标准6两白银，菜肴有六大盘、八大碗，冬天还有一个大火锅，各种羊肉片、鱼片、肝片及鸡蛋冻豆腐等等，应有尽有，随便吃。据专家考证，当时一两白银的购买力大致相当于现在的100元，而一个七品京官一年的俸银不过60两。对比之下便可知道，为了培养洋务人才，朝廷可真是下了血本。不过，由于学生多为八旗子弟，不肯好好学习，馆中的“教习”也是混饭的居多，学问有限，加之又没有严格的管理制度，许多学生除了上餐桌和领膏火，很少在课堂露面，因而同文馆所培养出的，大部分只是酒囊饭袋。像齐氏三兄弟这样的一心向学者，实属凤毛麟角。有的人学了七八年俄语，在考核中竟然连字母也只能认识一半。
负责考核的军机处为此十分恼火，专门发文对同文馆及其领导部门总理各国事务衙门予以申饬，说是这些人学了十多年洋文居然连字母都认不全，“殊属不成事体”。这其实也是没有办法的事情。凡事一沾“官”字，往往不成事体，哪怕出发点再好，哪怕是花了大把银子。
李石曾也许知道同文馆的这些故事，因而决定到海外学点真本事，1902年去了法国。当时朝廷对一般人出国控制甚严，于是他动用家庭关系，在驻法公使孙宝崎的出国团队中挂名当了一名随员，一到法国便“开溜儿”进了学堂，用现在的话说，属于“滞留不归”人员。不过这一滞留，却让他真正学到了不少现代科学知识，李石曾先是在蒙塔日的协奴瓦农业学校学习，三年之后以全校第四名的优异成绩毕业，之后他又进入巴黎的巴斯德学院，研究生物化学，着重研究大豆。1907年李石曾用法文写成《大豆的研究》一书，以后又出版了中文版的《大豆》，其中介绍了中国豆腐，引起当地人很大兴趣。
内文分页： [1] [2]
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体征 在好发部位见到丘疹、小水疱，3～5天后可形成脓疱，破溃后形成糜烂、溃疡，最后结痂愈合。
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